Utilitarianism an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which explains that the morality of an act is dependent on the amount of utility that an action can produce (Rachels & Rachels, 2006). Among the most notable Utilitarian advocates are John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. For Mill, utilitarianism is equivalent to the greatest happiness principle which entails that am action is right when it tend to promote the greatest good for the greatest number (and tend to minimize the harm and suffering that an action can produce. On the other hand, Bentham suggests that the amount of pleasure or happiness can be calculated using his proposed hedonistic calculus which is drawn by calculating the difference between the pleasure and the pain. Need essay sample on "Utilitarianism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay in time? Essay writers propose: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With Us Top Rated Essay Writing Service A Website To Write Essays Academic Paper Writing Services Cheap Writing Service Reviews Nevertheless, Utilitarianism has also been subject for ethical debate which is primarily founded on the idea that the utilitarian principle tend to promote only the utility that an action can give even and disregarding the bad outcomes that it can inflict to others. This paper is mainly directed on the issue that questions the moral upbringing of the Utilitarian principle. Two Objections against Utilitarianism One of the very celebrated opponents of the Utilitarian theory is Immanuel Kants Duty Theory. Unlike Utilitarianism, The Kantian Ethics suggests that the morality of an act should not be based on the amount of utility that an action can produce but on the very fact that an acting agent has done his duty unconditionally (Rachels & Rachels, 2006). The most apparent criticism against the Utilitarian principle is that it only looks on the consequences that an action can inflict to the majority of the people. By this, we can deduce that Utilitarianism lacks concern on the part of the minority (Rachels & Rachels, 2006). Plus, it does not always the case that what is good for the majority is the right thing to do. In considering the human rights of the individuals, it is inappropriate to say that what is beneficial for the promotion of the rights of the minority should be overridden by what is beneficial for the promotion of the rights of the majority. Such idea would never be just and fair. The second objection against the utilitarian principle is that it directly goes against what the Kantians second maxim suggests which suggests that one must never treat others only as means for his ends but always as the end (Rachels & Rachels, 2006). This entails that one should not sacrifice the rights of or what is necessary for another person just to give way for the greatest happiness that the greatest number of people can obtain. However, Utilitarian advocates argued that such presuppositions or objections that are raised against the theory itself do not really touches the truest essence of the Utilitarian principle. The utilitarian principles concept of happiness and pleasure does not really suggest the suffering of the minority. The concept of happiness is not really equated with the pleasure or happiness that can be derived from selfish interests. Finally, the Utilitarian Ethics recommends the utilitarian principle not really to provide a justifying principle for the majority but for chiefly to promote human flourishing and the alleviation of suffering of mankind. Thus, it is not true that the utilitarian principle disregards the welfare of the minority. References: Rachels, J. & Rachels S. (2006) The Elements of Moral Philosophy (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.

Essay Examples on Italian Renaissance Essay Example

Essay Examples on Italian Renaissance Paper 1st Essay Sample on Italian Renaissance How was the Italian Renaissance an age in which life was a work of art? The Renaissance was an important time. It was a time when new ideas were formed, worldly places became more important, and great people became known. All of which paved the way to future inventions, philosophies, and life as we know it. During the Renaissance, new possibilities were explored. One of which was a group of people who called themselves Humanists. Humanism was a movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists focused on secular themes, rather than those that were religious. They also believed that individualism, human improvement and that people should develop their talents through many activities. Humanism was influential in that more attention was paid to literature, the arts and education. Because education was becoming more important, more schools were opened. Students were taught all that was taught in classical Greek schools such as Greek, Latin, history and philosophy. The humanists strongly believed that education could help people to improve themselves. Humanism also inspired literature to become more universal. Many authors were discovered. Also, a form of poetry, called a sonnet, was developed. The humanists were very important to the Renaissance, without their teachings much would The city stated of Florence, Rome and Venice were also important parts of the Renaissance. Florence was ruled by a line of successful and wealthy rulers. Florence produced many great things. Great rulers, great architects, great sculptors and great painters. Thus leading the way Rome was the leading renaissance city during the 1500s. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Italian Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Italian Renaissance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Italian Renaissance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many artists and scholars went to Rome to be taught by master craftsmen. Rome also became a site of great religious increases. Venice was a city of great trading. 2nd Essay Sample on Italian Renaissance The Italian renaissance was as the name implies the rebirth of painting. This does not imply that all the advances of painting came from this period but that the masters learned to combine new and old. The list of artist who contributed to the advancement in painting during the renaissance is as diverse as the paintings. The Black Death (bubonic and pneumonic plague) caused an actual decline in art from the prosperity of the high Middle Ages. The plague killed almost a third of the people in Europe and the renaissance was thefirst advancement in the arts after this terrible devastation. The capital of the Tuscany region of Italy was Florence and this is where many of the new renaissance artist were trained. The renaissance, broadly considered covered the years between 1400 and 1600, although specialist do disagree on these dates. During this period artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been in the past but were now considered independent personalities. Masaccio made notable advances in the styles of paintings such as perspective, space, and surrounding his subjects in light and air. The next great step was in the mellowness and richness of colors used by Bellini. The complex strokes of color make the surrounding light and air almost inseparable from the figures. Bellini was a great artist and teacher who brought Venetian art onto the scene to the point that it was at the forefront of the Renaissance. The Painter Sandro Botticelli comes along as the next great painter after Masaccio. When you look at the painting Primavera 1482, you see the new, sharply contoured, slender form and rippling sinuous line that is synonymous with Botticelli. In the painting Botticelli catches the freshness of an early spring morning, with the pale light shining through the tall, straight trees, already laden with their golden fruit.